The Essential Russell Kirk

by George Nash

IMG_0036In the book of Ecclesiasticus it is written: “Let us now praise famous men, and our fathers that begat us.” Today I propose to honor the memory of a famous man, a man who earned his fame by writing about those who, in an intellectual and spiritual sense, were our fathers. In the great chain of being that we call Western civilization, Russell Kirk was a sturdy link.

Some years ago a young libertarian wrote a book entitled It Usually Begins with Ayn Rand. I do not know how many young conservatives in 2013 would say that their intellectual awakening began with the books and essays of Russell Kirk. But certainly many visitors to The Imaginative Conservative can testify to his continuing influence and especially to the impact of his masterful book, The Conservative Mind.

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The Conservative Mind After Forty Years: An Interview with Russell Kirk

by Russell Kirk, William H. Mulligan, Jr. and David B. Schock

conservative mind

Russell Kirk was a major figure in American intellectual history. His second book, The Conservative Mind, was a landmark historical study of conservative thought. The book captured a wide readership and stimulated interest in conservative ideas.

Q: I know it can be hard sometimes looking back at something that was done forty years ago, but I would like to go back today and discuss how you came to write The Conservative Mind. As you started on the project, what did you hope to accomplish intellectually?

Kirk: When I was an instructor at Michigan State University I reflected that there had been no published book on American conservative thought and I began thinking of preparing an anthology which I meant to call The Tory’s Home Companion. That passed through my mind. I was thinking of getting a doctorate and writing on some such theme and I decided to go to St. Andrew’s University in Scotland and write a doctorate on the thought of Edmund Burke. That book on Burke eventually developed into The Conservative Mind, a book about Burke and his followers and his long tradition of thought both in America and Britain. So all this came about without any very deliberate designs and changed the complexion of American thought. [Read more...]

The Voice of This Calling: The Enduring Legacy of T.S. Eliot

by Clinton A. Brand

Eliot

T.S. Eliot

In 1953, the first edition of The Conservative Mind was subtitled From Burke to Santayana; the second and every edition thereafter bore the subtitle From Burke to Eliot. Not only did this adjustment afford Kirk a bookend better consisting with Burke, but the change was also fortuitous as one element of a broader clarification of Kirk’s premise and purpose. For the second edition, Kirk enlarged his discussion of Eliot, and he also recast the final chapter, changing its final section from one called “The plan of action for American conservatives” to one entitled “The conservative as poet.” Thus, Kirk emphasized formally an argument that runs throughout his book—that the most vital expressions of conservative thought are not to be measured so much by effective political activity as by their reflection in the tradition of humane letters, particularly in those writers who (to borrow Kirk’s habitual wording) furnished anew the wardrobe of the moral imagination. [Read more...]

Russell Kirk in Time Magazine

KirkIn an article in the February 13, 2012 TIME magazine, “The Conservative Identity Crisis,” the author says that “modern conservatism was born in the early 1950s” when “a young writer named Russell Kirk unearthed a rich philosophical tradition going back to British writer and politician, Edmund Burke; Kirk’s 1953 book, The Conservative Mind was a sensation, influencing a generation that included William F. Buckley, Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan.”

“Kirk’s was never the only brand of conservatism, but his ideas were like a magnet pulling others toward them, and steadily, a coalition of the right was formed. Kirk emphasized the religious roots of society, which spoke to the rising Christian conservatism of the 1970s. He counseled slow and orderly change rather than radical or utopian schemes; this made his movement a welcoming home for Americans unnerved by the social revolution of the 1960s and ’70s. He held that individual property is the root of freedom … and he cherished traditional values and local institutions rather than shiny new ideas from central headquarters, which made his philosophy a comfortable place for the inevitable backlash against Washington and the New Deal.”

We hope you will join us in The Imaginative Conservativecommunity. The Imaginative Conservative is an on-line journal for those who seek the True, the Good and the Beautiful. We address culture, liberal learning, politics, political economy, literature, the arts and the American Republic in the tradition of Russell Kirk, T.S. Eliot, Edmund Burke, Irving Babbitt, Paul Elmer More, Wilhelm Roepke, Robert Nisbet, M.E. Bradford, Eric Voegelin, Christopher Dawson and other leaders of Imaginative Conservatism (Visit our Bookstore to find books by/about these men) .

Reviews of The Conservative Mind, version 5.5.

by Brad Birzer

Conservative

Brad Birzer

Dear TIC readers,

When I submitted part five of the reactions/reviews to Kirk’s magisterial The Conservative Mind, I claimed it to be the final part.  

I lied–but not with malicious intent.  

I’d forgotten I still had a few more reviews in the stack.  That, or I simply spaced the memory.  If you’ve ever seen the chaos that is my home office, you’d understand.  You might not appreciate it, but you’d understand.  Sad, but true.

Regardless, here are a few more quotes from a few more original reviews.  I’ve decided to name this 5.5 instead of six.  In some bizarre way, maybe this makes my unintentional fabrication less heinous.   [Read more...]

Round Five: The Critics Challenge Russell Kirk, 1953-1954

critics

by Brad Birzer

Dear TIC Readers, 

This is the fifth and final round of the critics against Russell Kirk.  I’ve offered quotes (I hope) from a fair and representative sampling of original reviews of The Conservative Mind (1953).  Some of these praised Kirk, some offered fair criticisms, and some missed his point entirely.  From what I can tell, those who can’t understand Kirk’s ideas on Providence and Thomistic Natural Law–even though Kirk was still 11 years from converting to Catholicism–offer the weakest reviews.  In their minds, Kirk comes off as a simple-minded Romantic, lost in his own fairy world.  The Conservative Mind might be poetry, their argument runs, but its not serious scholarship.
 
Now, I must start reading the seemingly (which is good) articles on Russell Kirk’s place within the so-called “New Conservatism.”  This terms seems to have come into use around 1948, but it didn’t gain currency until Daniel Aaron (a well respected leftist professor of American Studies at Smith College) gave a talk entitled “Conservatism, Old and New,” referencing Kirk’s Randolph of Roanoke as an important and representative “New Conservative” book.   [Read more...]

Round Four: The Critics Against Russell Kirk’s 1953 Brilliance!

kirk

by Bradley J. Birzer

 Bernard Theall, OSB, “A Survey and Defense of Conservative Way,” Books on Trial 12 (November 1953): 59.

“The is surely one of the most heartening and thought-provoking books to have appeared in recent years”

“In an age of ‘statistical morality’ and of the apotheosis of democracy, and when Catholics are being urged, as a noted Protestant theologian has recently urged them, to refrain from looking to the Natural Law as a common meeting-ground with Protestants, since the rights of the individual are above this law, it is a fine thing to have so clearly put a case for tradition and prescription. Professor Kirk is not a Catholic, and but few of the examples that he offers of the conservative mind are Catholics, but no Catholic intellectual can read this book without profit, or can, indeed, afford not to know it.” [Read more...]

Russell Kirk and the Conservative Heart

Kirk

by Mark Henrie

It is a commonplace that the defining characteristic of that characteristically modern literary form, the novel, is a concern for the revelation of the inner life of the ordinary man. Hence, the frequent use at first of the device of diaries or letters (e.g. in Richardson’s Clarissa and Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe) culminating in the stream of consciousness style of Joyce. This focus of attention stands in contrast to the classical concern of the epic with the external deeds of the extraordinary man. The modern psyche hungers to identify itself with a protagonist, and ashamedly eschews the implicit judgment against the prosaic rendered by the exemplary life of the hero. The modern self seeks to have its undemanding gestures of sentimentality confirmed as natural, even praiseworthy, and expects to see even bourgeois virtue revealed as hypocritical inauthenticity. In its critical mood, the modern self seeks to rummage beneath the public deeds of conventionally heroic figures to discover below the “real,” all-toohuman, private man. Thereby, the modern self finds reassurance in its own mediocrity and moral failure. The tell-all biography is a special delectation for moderns. [Read more...]

Reaction to Kirk’s 1953 Magnum Opus, The Conservative Mind, Round III

by Bradley J. Birzer
 
kirkHere in all of its glory is round three of reactions re: Kirk’s 1953 The Conservative Mind, the book that gave a name and a unity–at least briefly–to the post-war conservatism.  Even those who hold little respect for Kirk regard this book as the beginning of all things conservative.  
 
In the standard left-ish history of post-war conservatism, Sidney Blumenthal concludes:

The Conservative Mind was crucial in establishing the causes [of the right] as a valid intellectual enterprise. [THE RISE OF HTE COUNTER-ESTABLISHMENT, 21]

And one of Leo Strauss’s students, Harry Jaffa, claims:

At the head and front of the paleoconservatives is the late Russell Kirk, whose Conservative Mind, published in the early 1950s, is widely credited as the defining work fo contemporary conservatism. [A MORAL ENTERPRISE, 255] [Read more...]

Round Two: Reactions to Kirk’s 1953 seminal work, THE CONSERVATIVE MIND

by Bradley J. Birzer 

KirkAs I continue to read through and digest the contemporary reviews of The Conservative Mind, I find I keep noticing certain common themes: 1) Few knew what to make of Kirk’s romantic style, though most reviewers appreciated it; 2) Catholics seem to have liked Kirk the most, seeing in him a latent Romanist; and 3) almost every reviewer found some flaw with Kirk’s list of conservatives, either through omission or commission.

The reviews, not surprisingly, often reveal more about the reviewers and the times than they do about Kirk and The Conservative Mind.

My favorite line is the last line of the last review quoted.  Michael Oakeshott: Burke ”was not, indeed, a great composer at all; he was something much rarer, a great intellectual melodist whose tunes were all the sweeter because they owed so much to the intellectual folk-music of Europe.”

One could write much the same of Kirk.

Please enjoy. [Read more...]

Reviewing The Conservative Mind, Part I

Conservative Mindby Bradley J. Birzer  

As some TIC readers know, I’ve the great privilege of working on a book on the endlessly fascinating Russell Kirk. At this point, I’ve written an introduction, three full chapters, and two partial chapters. I’ve written about 50,000 words, and I’m projecting a total word count for the completed project at roughly 120,000 words. The tentative title is The Humane Republic: Russell Kirk and the  Discovery of Conservatism, 1936-1964.

Henry Regnery published The Conservative Mind on May 10, 1953. The reaction–both positive and negative–began immediately, and the 35-year old Kirk became an international celebrity, an intellectual superstar. Well over 65 serious periodicals (journals, magazines, and newspapers) reviewed Kirk’s book. Some journals even offered multiple reviews of the work. While many embraced the book and many despised it, no one worth any thing in the world of scholarship or the media ignored it. [Read more...]

Enlivening the Conservative Mind

By Russell Kirk

conservative

Russell Kirk

The wittiest of our public men, Eugene McCarthy, remarked a few months ago that nowadays he uses the word “liberal” as an adjective merely. That is a measure of the triumph of the conservative mentality in recent years—including the triumph of the conservative side of Mr. McCarthy’s own mind and character.

Perhaps it would be well, most of the time, to use the word “conservative” as an adjective chiefly. For there exists no Model Conservative, and conservatism is no ideology: it is a state of mind, a type of character, a way of looking at the civil social order. The conservative movement or body of opinion can accommodate a considerable diversity of views on a good many subjects, there being no Test Act or Thirty-Nine Articles of the conservative creed. In essence, the conservative person is simply one who finds the permanent things more pleasing than “Chaos and old Night.” This is by way of brief preface to some desultory observations on what the conservative mind requires today. [Read more...]