Letter to a Young Essayist

essayisy

Eva Brann

by Eva Brann

Dear —

The dash signifies that you are reading the answer to a question unasked, the reply to a letter unreceived. No one’s written beseeching me to reveal the Art of Being an Essayist. You aren’t the heavy-hearted Mr. Kappus to whom Rainer Maria Rilke addresses his consolatory Letters to a Young Poet (last letter, Paris 1908) or the Dear Friend to whom Mario Vargas Llosa fondly writes his Lettea to a Young Novelist (last letter, Lima 1997). There isn’t likely to be such a suppliant, for an ardent young essayist is an oxymoron, like, say, a “spirited bureaucrat.” “Young poet” has a fine pathos to it, and “young novelist” a sense of high vocation, but “young essayist”—well, it is the faint comicality of the notion that gives me the temerity to range myself as a third in this famous duo, for at least I am way down in a descending order of mundanity. [Read more...]

Teaching in an Age of Ideology: Harvey Mansfield

Harvey Mansfield

Harvey Mansfield

by Lee Trepanier

In my last post, I wrote about Leo Strauss’ defense of liberal education as a possible antidote to the narrowness of specialization of knowledge and the moral aimlessness of positivist ideology. One way to teach liberal education is to have students read the great thinkers of one’s tradition. In his chapter on Harvey Mansfield in Teaching in an Age of Ideology, Travis D. Smith writes about how Mansfield breathes new life into old books, asks students to be courageous, and invites them to participate in the conversation about the true, the beautiful, and the good.

As the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Government at Harvard, Harvey Mansfield is not only a prolific scholar, sophisticated patriot, and one of the best known public intellectuals of conservatism but he is also an outstanding teacher who challenges his students’ preconceptions and prejudices where they will feel at unease but not displeased with the world. Raising more questions than resolving them in the classroom, Mansfield pitches his lectures slightly over the heads of everyone in class to engender puzzlement, confusion, and frustration in the hope that students realize that genuine education is neither glib performance nor academic condensation but to be shaken at the soul from the dogmatic laziness of our contemporary culture. The starting point of liberal education therefore is not one of self-satisfaction or skeptical smugness but a genuine wondering of the world that is prompted by puzzlement and bewilderment.  [Read more...]

Are Conservatives (or Libertarians) Ruining Liberal Education?

Alexis de Tocqueville liberal education

Alexis de Tocqueville

by Peter Augustine Lawler

Plenty of liberals–and not just liberal professors–think there is a conservative conspiracy to use online education and MOOCs, to destroy genuinely higher education in this country. I see no organized conspiracy, and much of the liberal paranoia amounts to whining about the results of legitimate political defeats. Nonetheless, there is something to the thought that hostility to higher education as it now exists in our country is growing, and opposition to political liberals has gotten mixed up with hostility to “liberal education.” [Read more...]

Education by Poetry: Robert Frost

Robert Frost

Robert Frost

by Robert Frost

["Education by Poetry" was a talk delivered at Amherst College and subsequently revised for publication in the Amherst Graduates’ Quarterly of February 1931. It is from the conclusion of this piece that Mr. Frost once extracted the text separately printed under the title The Four Beliefs.]

I am going to urge nothing in my talk. I am not an advocate. I am going to consider a matter, and commit a description. And I am going to describe other colleges than Amherst. Or, rather say all that is good can be taken as about Amherst; all that is bad will be about other colleges. [Read more...]

The Gospel & the Intellectual Life

intellectual life

Bradley G. Green

by Bradley G. Green

(From the epilogue to The Gospel and the Mind: Recovering and Shaping the Intellectual Life)

Why is it that wherever the gospel goes the academy follows? What does the gospel have to do with the mind? I have tried—across five major themes—to delineate something of the relationship between the Christian vision of God, man, and the world and the intellectual life. The two theses I have argued are:

1.  The Christian vision of God, man, and the world provides the necessary precondition for the recovery of any meaningful intellectual life.

2.  The Christian vision of God, man, and the world offers a particular, unique understanding of what the intellectual life might look like.

When we look at the five main themes of this book, we see that the Christian understanding of reality provides a coherent account of the possibility of the intellectual life. There is an inextricable connection between the gospel and the mind. [Read more...]

America the Tragic

citizenship americaby Peter Strzelecki Rieth

Why is it that we are once again reading about students from a large American university perpetuating acts of mass violence? Why are we reading about immigrants lashing out at the country that gave them so much good? While it does seem highly likely that the Boston terrorists were Islamicist radicals given their Chechen background, there is a deeper problem here: that problem is a broken university system and a broken immigration system. [Read more...]

Democracy in the Balance

democracyby Stratford Caldecott

“If there be one thing more than another which is true of genuine democracy, it is that genuine democracy is opposed to the rule of the mob. For genuine democracy is based fundamentally on the existence of the citizen, and the best definition of a mob is a body of a thousand men in which there is no citizen.”

This quotation is from G.K. Chesterton’s article on Victor Hugo, the author of Les Miserables, in Pall Mall magazine of 1902. In it Chesterton puts his finger on a great dilemma. It is wise to devote much attention to the idols of our time, of which Democracy is one. Others include Capitalism, Progress (or Evolution), Wealth, and Equality. None of these means anything, or rather, each of them means several different things and so ought to be defined carefully whenever it is used. Others, such as Peace and Justice, have become so vague that they too qualify as idols. [Read more...]

Review of Catholics in the Public Square

catholicsby Roger Thomas

Catholics in the Public Square is a lecture series by Dr. Bradley J. Birzer, offered by Catholic Courses.

In Rudyard Kipling’s classic work The Jungle Book, one of the stories is Kaa’s Hunting.  This tale is of how the young Mowgli, who is being instructed in Jungle Law by his tutor Baloo the bear, falls in with the Bandar-log, the monkey people who are despised and ignored by those of the jungle.  The reason for this is that the monkeys “have no remembrance” – they know not where they come from and have no purpose or direction.  They are devoid of tradition or law, doing nothing but what the fancy of the moment suggests.  They have no heritage and no shame, and to even acknowledge them is disgraceful. [Read more...]

Liberal Learning in the Marketplace: Thinking About Liberal Education With Adam Smith

liberal

Adam Smith

by Joseph M. Knippenberg

I make no claims to a high level of expertise in the philosophy of Adam Smith.  This is the first time I have spoken about Smith outside of a classroom setting.  I assign selections from The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations in a sophomore-level core course, so the students and I discuss his work without any of us proposing to specialize in it.  The irony of approaching Smith in this way is certainly not lost on me.

Nonetheless, I think that it makes sense to think about liberal education with Smith because we live, work, educate, and are educated in a “market society.”  It is impossible not to think about the “job market,” the “higher education marketplace,” and so on.  The notion of liberal education certainly antedates the ascendancy of the capitalist market, and the question of how the two fit together, if at all, ought to be taken seriously by all those who profess to be devoted to liberal learning in the contemporary world. [Read more...]

Reading for Fun and Freedom: P.G. Wodehouse

P.G. Wodehouseby Thomas Behr

Does our recreational reading matter? We could consider the whole realm of recreation and entertainment in a free and virtuous society, but for the purposes of this essay I shall focus on a particularly important form of recreation: reading.

Reading is obviously one of the most essentially human things we do. Reading makes possible cultural advancement and the pursuit of truth as an historical and inter-generational endeavor. When we are not reading for work, or study, or for the gathering of necessary information and education about events in the world, is the question of what we read for relaxation irrelevant, a matter of personal preference without significance for life? Certainly in an age of increasing television (and now internet) viewing—analyzed and criticized from Marshal McLuhan’s The Medium is the Massage (1967) to Neil Postman’s Amusing Ourselves to Death (1986)—maybe we should just be grateful that folks are doing any reading at all! But is there reading that is bad for us? I think we can readily assent to that notion, and most of us could easily identify the extreme genres of “literature” that qualify, particularly those that encourage vicious habits in thought and behavior. [Read more...]

Augustine, Modernity, and the Recovery of True Education

Augustine

St. Augustine

by Bradley G. Green 

In the Western world there is a rich tradition of the life of the mind.  Much of the emphasis on the life of the mind in the West flows from our Christian inheritance, as seen in the biblical documents, and in key thinkers of the West (e.g., Augustine, Anselm, Aquinas, Calvin, among others).  As the modern world has jettisoned its Christian intellectual inheritance, there has been a corresponding confusion about the value of the mind, and indeed, even of the possibility of knowledge at all, whether of God or of the created order.

In terms of reflection upon the nature of the intellectual life, I would suggest that one of the most pressing tasks for contemporary Christians would be the recovery and cultivation of the inextricable link between the Christian faith and the intellectual life, or the intellectual endeavor.  In order to engage in such reflection, I take up the relationship of Christianity and the liberal arts, and in particular seek to draw from Augustine as we reflect upon this relationship. [Read more...]

Teaching in an Age of Ideology: Leo Strauss

leo strauss

Leo Strauss

by Lee Trepanier

So far I have examined a set of thinkers that could be classified in the same school of thought as “Voegelinian”: Eric Voegelin, Ellis Sandoz, Gerhart Niemeyer, and John H. Hallowell. In their different styles and approaches to teaching, each of them sought to show their students the true, the beautiful, and the good in a manner devoid of ideological thinking. Eric Voegelin invoked eros in his students to lead them from a common sense understanding of the world to a theoretical one; Ellis Sandoz began with the student’s own experience of reality as a reference point to validate the claims of the thinkers they were studying; Gerhart Niemeyer demanded clarity in thought and in prose from his students in their mutual “wondering questioning”; and John H. Hallowell saw teaching as his first professional priority, asking students to think for themselves, even if it meant challenging the professor in the classroom as long as the students could present sound reasons. In each of these cases, and in their different ways, these thinkers became the incarnation of what they taught in seeking to understand and to convey the true, the beautiful, and the good. [Read more...]