Our Hero: Socrates in the Underworld

by Peter A. Lawlersocrates in the underworld, ranasinghe

It is my pleasure to be able to introduce Nalin Ranasinghe’s Socrates in the Underworld: On Plato’s Gorgias to you as one of the most able, eloquent, noble, profound, and loving books ever written on Socrates. Ranasinghe restores for us the example of a moral hero who inaugurated a moral revolution in opposition to his country’s post-imperial cynicism and nihilism. What Socrates discovered about the human soul remains true for us in our similarly cynical and nihilistic age. Here’s the truth: “Self-knowledge is both the cure and the punishment for evil.” We are the beings who can’t help but know the truth about ourselves and be open to the truth about all things. The truth is real; we lack the power to command or negate it. The truth has authority over us; we can’t live well unless we see that it is the power that allows us to perform genuinely free and deliberate acts. The truth is attractive; it both draws us out of ourselves and is a sort of magnet that puts our souls in order. And the truth is genuinely moral or beautiful.

Each of us and the cosmos itself “is so structured that true happiness can only result from virtue.” Both intellectual and moral virtue are required to be genuinely open to the whole truth, and so the view that one sort of virtue is possible without the other is mistaken. [Read more...]

The Humane and The Inhumane

Brave New World humane inhumaneby Robert M. Woods

Over the years I’ve seen countless book lists and there are two books on “must read lists” that speak to the modern world insightfully, but in differing manners. As dystopian works, people have tended to see them both as “prophetic” and yet, of the two, most think that the one literary vision was closer to reality than the other.

The two works are George Orwell’s 1984 and Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World. Just prior to the year 1984 Orwell’s book became a best seller even though it was originally published in 1949. However, of the two works the case could be made that Huxley’s vision was closer to getting it right and it has remained increasingly contemporary even though it was originally published in 1932. [Read more...]

The Divine Conspiracy of Dallas Willard

Dallas Willard

Dallas Willard

by Barbara J. Elliott

One of the great oaks among us is fallen. Dallas Willard, who died May 8, was a professor of philosophy, a teacher par excellence, and a great soul, capable of inspiring deep faith. As a young Southern Baptist pastor in the 1960s, he left the ministry to study philosophy because he was convinced he was “abysmally ignorant” of God and the soul, and had concluded that Jesus and the philosophers were addressing the same questions.[1] Willard pushed deep into the intellectual roots of philosophy and Christian theology, while nourishing the spiritual disciplines of silence and prayer. The result was a quietly luminous relationship with Christ himself, which shone forth through Willard’s books on discipleship. The Divine Conspiracy won awards when it was published in 1998, setting off a series of explosions in the church world by causing people who called themselves Christians to evaluate their actual relationship with Christ, if they had one at all. [Read more...]

On the Reading of Books

reading

Rev. James V. Schall, S.J.

by Rev. James V. Schall, S.J.

On Thursday, May 1, 1783, with “the young Mr. (Edmund) Burke” present, Samuel Johnson remarked: “It is strange that there should be so little reading in the world and so much writing. People in general do not willingly read if they can have anything else to amuse them.” The word “reading” here does not mean, say, the reading of e-mails, which are read immediately on reception. Rather, “reading” here means setting aside time and giving attention. Reading is an actively passive occupation. I never read without a pencil, except perhaps when reading my breviary (but this is only because, if I had a pencil over lo these many years, the whole four volumes would be underlined). [Read more...]

The Three Kinds of Hope: The Radiance of Being

hope

by Stratford Caldecott

The Radiance of Being: Dimensions of Cosmic Christianity (Angelico Press, 2013)

Probably the majority in the environmental movement do not see the relevance of mysticism, or personal virtue and morality, to the great issues of our day. To them it is merely a technological or political challenge. They will try to get their hands on the levers of power, and will be increasingly and everlastingly frustrated to discover that all their attempts come to nothing, or make things worse. I do not mean to say that there is no point in political action, but rather that the assumption that these problems are primarily political is a mistake. We need a new kind of politics, a new kind of technology, to solve these problems, namely a politics and a technology that have not been elevated to the level of what the Pope calls “ideological power” (Caritas in Veritate, n. 70). We need the kind of “appropriate technology” that has been developed for use in the poorer regions of the world, and we need a more local politics, in accordance with the Catholic principle of subsidiarity. This would place the emphasis back on the human person and our individual efforts. The belief that we can solve the world’s problems by throwing power and money at them does not take account of human nature. It leads to the creation of vast commercial and political empires that inevitably become corrupt. [Read more...]

Russell Kirk, Conservatism & Christian Humanism

Russell Kirkby Andre Gushurst-Moore

All the super-added ideas, furnished from the wardrobe of a moral imagination, which the heart owns, and the understanding ratifies, as necessary to cover the defects of our naked shivering nature, and to raise it to dignity in our estimation, are to be exploded as a ridiculous, absurd and antiquated fashion.-Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, 1790

As it will be in the future, it was at the birth of Man There are only four things certain since Social Progress began. That the Dog returns to his Vomit and the Sow returns to her Mire, And the burnt Fool’s bandaged finger goes wabbling back to the Fire;   And that after this is accomplished, and the brave new world begins When all men are paid for existing and no man must pay for sins, As surely as Water will wet us, as surely as Fire will burn, The Gods of the Copybook Headings with terror and slaughter return!-Rudyard Kipling, The Gods of the Copybook Headings, 1919

What is uniquely vivid in the life and work of Russell Kirk is the thoroughly considered identification of Christian humanism with a conservative political philosophy. [Read more...]

Restoring the Meaning of Conservatism: A Review

Conservatismby Jeffrey J. Folks

Restoring the Meaning of Conservatism: Writings from Modern Age, by George A. Panichas. Wilmington: ISI Books, 2008.

This collection of writings by George A. Panichas, all of which appeared in the pages of Modern Age between 1965 and 2007, is a testament to the author’s major contribution to conservatism for over four decades. During this period Dr. Panichas worked tirelessly as a scholar and editor, serving from 1984 to 2007 as editor of Modern Age, commenting widely on the religious, philosophical, and social issues of the moment, and engaging in extensive correspondence, all the while pursuing his own literary scholarship centered on such writers as Lawrence, Conrad, and Dostoyevsky. Panichas is the author or editor of 20 books, and perhaps a hundred or more essays, reviews, and occasional pieces (38 of which appear in this collection). More importantly, and what no mere enumeration of his accomplishments can suggest, Panichas is a scholar of a sort now endangered by university politics: one who, scorning the narrow partisanship and conformity of academe, has spent a lifetime of unflinching devotion to the pursuit of wisdom alone. [Read more...]

Gulliver’s Final Voyages

gulliverby Matthew Anger

Samuel Johnson famously said of Gulliver’s Travels: “When once you have thought of big men and little men, it is very easy to do the rest.” It is a flippant verdict, yet it’s true that most people lose interest in Swift’s tale after the first and second voyages (to Lilliput, land of small people, and Brobdingnag, land of giants, respectively). That said, I have always been most intrigued by the later journeys.

According to literary critics, the trip to Laputa and other imaginary Pacific islands was originally a separate work. It was written earlier and subsequently stitched into the main narrative. That helps explain why the action and idiom employed by Swift differs from the rest of the tale. This part is concerned less with the grotesqueness of human vanity than it is with intellectual pride. Swift’s skepticism is directed at the grand promises held out by the rationalists of his day—the Laputans are devoted to mathematics but in an entirely impractical manner. One passage recounts how a man had “been eight years upon a project for extracting sunbeams out of cucumbers, which were to be put in phials hermetically sealed, and let out to warm the air in raw inclement summers.” [Read more...]

Ayn Rand’s Atlas Shrugged: From Romantic Fallacy to Holocaustic Imagination

Atlas Shruggedby Thomas F. Bertonneau

“The only authentic epochê is . . . victory over desire, victory over Promethean pride.”—René Girard[1]

“When the SS torturer becomes the villain of the war film, he is turned into a sacrificial figure, a scapegoat, [he becomes the] structural equivalent of the Jud Süss in Nazi cinema.”—Eric Gans[2]

No account of Ayn Rand’s (1905–1982) sprawling, morally incoherent end-of-the-world story Atlas Shrugged (1957)[3] can begin elsewhere than in an acknowledgment of the way in which the novel’s fascinating spectacle can draw a reader in despite himself. This spectacle is the book’s secret, which the present essay aims to investigate. [Read more...]

Neil Gaiman’s Coraline

Coralineby Daniel McInerny

If Neil Gaiman had a Klout score, he might just break a hundred.

But then maybe Neil Gaiman does have a Klout score. He seems to be everywhere else on the Internet these days.

As, for example, in “A Beginner’s Guide to: Neil Gaiman” a feature in this week’s Time magazine. (For those who haven’t a clue who Neil Gaiman is, this article in Time is a good, short place to start.

I’m someone who spends a good amount of time in the children’s entertainment space on the Internet, and I’ve been struck more than once by the reverence accorded to Gaiman’s work. His famous (or perhaps infamous) commencement address to the University of the Arts Class of 2012 is perhaps not yet as culturally iconic as Steve Jobs’s 2005 Stanford University commencement address, but it’s up there. A mantra from that speech, “When things get tough, make good art,” struck a chord with me. And generally I have been inspired by the prodigiousness of Gaiman’s imagination, the versatility which allows him to write in widely different genres, and the fluency with which he does it all. [Read more...]

Incarnational Humanism: A Philosophy of Culture

by Robert WoodsIncarnational Humanism

Incarnational Humanism, by Jens Zimerman

This work is thoroughly grounded in Christian theology and biblical reflection. At the very heart of Zimmerman’s case is the incarnation of Christ. Possibly the most explicit assertion defended throughout the book is “True humanity is the heart of the Gospel and the goal of Christ’s redemptive work…” This is a truth that is sure to give some Christians, and certainly secularists, pause. Another point that all fundamentalists (Christian or atheist brand) would find troubling in this work is the argument that, “all human knowledge is always interpretive.” Again Zimmermann addresses an important issue without lapsing into relativism.  [Read more...]

English Letters in the Age of Boredom

letters

Russell Kirk

by Russell Kirk

Some day I shall write a book with the title The Age of Eliot (ed., published as Eliot and His Age). The span of Mr. T. S. Eliot’s life, extending from the ascendancy of President Cleveland and Lord Salisbury to our present troubled hour, has been characterized by as much material change as any age in the whole of history; and this alteration of society and the very face of the world has been paralleled by a profound change in the realm of letters, and that not a change for the better. When Mr. Eliot was a boy, the great Victorians still thundered, and American letters ranged all the way from Henry Adams to Mark Twain. Since then, much of the virtue has gone out of English and American literature. The English literary world suffers from the disease of acedia, the American from the disease of concupiscence; and both these maladies, I believe, are at once symptoms and products of a deep-seated boredom. [Read more...]